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Adjustment in sentence

880 examples of Adjustment in a sentence

With the fund amounting to only about 6% of GDP, Russia can maintain a 3.7% deficit for less than two years before it either has to withdraw from Ukraine to gain relief from Western sanctions, or undertake a major – and, for Putin, politically dangerous – fiscal adjustment.
Even if there were a government willing and able to carry out the necessary fiscal adjustment, the political fallout of the Petrobras affair has damaged Brazil’s credibility severely.
Brazil doesn’t have the institutional equivalent of the European Central Bank to do “whatever it takes” to retain access to credit at reasonable interest rates as it pursues fiscal and structural adjustment.
The closest thing Brazil has is the International Monetary Fund, with which it should negotiate an adjustment program.
For its part, the IMF would give the adjustment program its stamp of approval and make its own resources available, so that Brazil does not have to tap international capital markets for a reasonable period.
Given this, and despite the potential political difficulties and the risk of a social backlash, Brazil has little choice but to pursue an IMF-sponsored adjustment program.
And the adoption of work-displacing digital technologies may need to be paced, so that the economy’s structural adjustment can keep up.
Although the US trade deficit fell to $375 billion in 2009, from $702 billion in 2007, the adjustment came entirely from a sharp decline in imports, from $2.35 trillion to $1.95 trillion, whereas exports actually fell slightly, from $1.65 trillion to $1.57 trillion.
European leaders must understand that adjustment programs have a social as well as a financial side, and that they will be unsustainable if those affected face the prospect of years of sacrifices with no light at the end of the tunnel.
So China has reached a crucial juncture: without painful structural adjustment, its economic-growth momentum can suddenly be lost.
Any structural adjustment is painful.
A third shortcoming is that, after an adjustment period, wages and contracts are more likely to adjust more frequently than they would with a 2% inflation target, making monetary policy less effective.
This helps explain why the Greek and Argentine governments are perennially in deficit (until borrowing options dry up and adjustment is inevitable), or why prices – and profits – are high in sectors (for example, transportation and telecoms) that provide would-be entrepreneurs with crucial (but often unaffordable) inputs.
Indeed, China needs to accelerate its economic adjustment, even at the expense of growth.
Otherwise, it will have to pay an even higher adjustment cost later.
China must choose between higher growth and faster structural adjustment.
According to the Ministry of Environment of Japan, one hour’s adjustment in 2008 would have led to savings of an estimated 0.910 million kiloliters of crude oil annually.
Hokkaido, Japan’s northern island, has particularly long summer daylight hours, making the case for seasonal adjustment especially strong.
Their lack of monetary tools, together with the absence of exchange-rate adjustment, might also justify some discretionary cyclical tax cuts and spending increases.
The longer this is deferred, the more wrenching the ultimate policy adjustment – and its consequences for growth and employment – will be.
Its efforts focus mainly on increasing banks’ mandatory reserve ratios while introducing administrative measures to deal with food price pressures, approving a couple of token interest-rate hikes, and managing a modest upward adjustment in the currency.
But a thin line separates orderly adjustment to changed conditions from market over-reaction.
They are second-best local-policy responses to an ineffective mechanism for international adjustment (or non-adjustment).
Even small changes in fundamentals can have large effects on exchange rates, with up-front movements that far exceed what long-run adjustment requires.
The exchange rate (both nominal and real) will depreciate accordingly, thereby setting in motion the standard, textbook adjustment process.
A sharp growth slowdown is the other component of this overshooting adjustment pattern.
And, while real exchange rates appreciate and competitiveness suffers, leading to rising unemployment, the abundant credit postpones the adjustment.
Meanwhile, the adjustment costs in troubled countries have ballooned in response to rising interest rates and falling economic activity.
Sooner or later, adjustment will be necessary – if not by considered domestic policy or a well-functioning international monetary system, then by financial crisis.
But to do so requires a shift from “hard” strategies like structural adjustment to “soft” ones – in particular, the development of human capabilities.
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