Oncogenes
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Oncogenes can be activated by mutation (changes in gene structure) or by gene amplification (production of many copies of a gene).
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By genetic disease we mean that cancer is caused by
oncogenes
that are turned on in cancer and tumor suppressor genes that are turned off to cause cancer.
You might think that we learned about
oncogenes
and tumor suppressor genes from common cancers like breast cancer and prostate cancer and lung cancer, but you'd be wrong.
We learned about
oncogenes
and tumor suppressor genes for the first time in that itty-bitty little one percent of cancers called sarcoma.
Genes that stimulate cell growth are called
oncogenes
; those that inhibit it are called tumor suppressor genes .
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